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Evolving Brains (Scientific American Library), by John Morgan Allman
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Neurophysiologist John Allman draws on the wealth of new findings in molecular genetics and paleoanthropology to trace the history of brain evolution from the simplest of animals to human beings. In doing so, he explores the forces and mechanisms that have influenced evolutionary development, including climatic change, the energy requirements of large brains and the invention of the extended family in early humans.
- Sales Rank: #1381021 in Books
- Brand: Brand: W H Freeman n Co
- Published on: 1999-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 10.00" h x 8.75" w x .75" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 224 pages
- First Printing
- First Edition
Amazon.com Review
What's the big deal about big brains? They're a costly enhancement, says neurobiologist John Allman in Evolving Brains. "Animals with big brains are rare," he stresses. "If brains enable animals to adapt to changing environments, why is it that so few animals have large brains? The reason is that big brains are very expensive." He examines the whys and wherefores of large-brain evolution, and draws out the connections between large brains and long lives; shows why major evolutionary advances are often made by small predators; makes you appreciate why mammals, burdened by the cost of warm-bloodedness, were unable to unseat the dinosaurs; and more. So, while large brains such as the ones we humans enjoy may give survival advantages to individuals, some species have done (and did) just fine for millions of years with pea brains.
Rather than talking only about cells, circuits, neurotransmitters, and genes, or gliding up to the ethereal regions of psychology and philosophy, Allman looks at the whole organism--the "middle-sized, middle-distanced objects," as Willard Van Orman Quine said. Evolving Brains is full of interesting scientific tidbits, only rarely becoming tangled in the thicket of jargon. --Mary Ellen Curtin
From Scientific American
"Brains exist because the distribution of resources necessary for survival and the hazards that threaten survival vary in space and time," Allman writes. Even single-celled organisms such as bacteria have brainlike functions that enable them to find food and avoid toxins. Starting with the brainlike activity of Escherichia coli, the populous bacterial tenants of our intestines, Allman (professor of biology at the California Institute of Technology) traces the development of brains from small to large, simple to complex. His account focuses on three themes: "that the essential role of brains is to serve as a buffer against environmental variation; that every evolutionary advance in the nervous system has a cost; and that the development of the brain to the level of complexity we enjoy--and that makes our lives so rich--depended on the establishment of the human family as a social and reproductive unit." From that level of complexity he asks an intriguing question: Why has the human brain become smaller in the past 35,000 years? His answer: "The domestication of plants and animals as sources of food and clothing served as major buffers against environmental variability. Perhaps humans, through the invention of agriculture and other cultural means for reducing the hazards of existence, have domesticated themselves."
Review
The Brain's Past
Humans share a desire to explain our place in nature and through such explanations to make sense of our unique role on earth. In his new book, Evolving Brains, John Allman, a distinguished comparative neuroscientist, takes on this fundamental question from the perspective of brain evolution. One of his central themes is that duplication was fundamental in the evolution of brains. Gene duplications could provide a substrate for diversification of structures that would expand the brain's repertoire. In a beautifully illustrated part of the book, Allman traces the evolution of warm-blooded animals, weaving together modern neuroscientific findings with anthropological data. In the discussion of primate brains, Allman is particularly insightful. He eludicates the evolutionary forces that led to brain specializations. For example, fruit-eating primates have larger relative brain sizes than leaf-eating primates. Evolving Brains is a wonderful read. In turns thoughtful and challenging, it is a well woven fabric of insights about brain evolution. -- Review by Russell Fernald, Nature Neuroscience 2:305, April 1999
Most helpful customer reviews
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Five Stars
By Carlos V
An interesting book for general public about the evolution of brain and the cenytal nervous system
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Five Stars
By Lily Johnson-Ulrich
Wonderful easy read that clearly outlines the evolution of the brain from early mammals to present-day humans.
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Five Stars
By Tata
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